Sunday, September 16, 2012

Aspergillosis, Aspergilloma Medications


Drugs associated with Aspergillosis, Aspergilloma

The following drugs and medications are in some way related to, or used in the treatment of Aspergillosis, Aspergilloma. This service should be used as a supplement to, and NOT a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners.

Learn more about Aspergillosis, Aspergilloma





Drug List:

Saturday, September 15, 2012

L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine


Pronunciation: meth-ill-FOE-late/meth-ill-koe-BAL-a-min/a-se-teel-SIS-teen
Generic Name: L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine
Brand Name: Examples include Cerefolin with NAC and Triveen-CF NAC


L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine is used for:

Supplying nutritional requirements of certain patients with neurovascular oxidative stress or high blood levels of homocysteine. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.


L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine is a nutritional supplement. It works by providing the body with folate, vitamin B12, and a form of antioxidant, which helps to reduce or eliminate oxidative stress and lower homocysteine levels.


Do NOT use L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine if:


  • you are allergic to any ingredient in L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine

  • you are very ill

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.



Before using L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine:


Some medical conditions may interact with L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:


  • if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

  • if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

  • if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

  • if you have anemia, liver problems, kidney stones, or a history of ulcers

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:


  • Antibiotics (eg, penicillin, cephalexin, ciprofloxacin), cholestyramine, colchicine, colestipol, metformin, nitrous oxide, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (eg, ibuprofen), para-aminosalicylic acid, potassium chloride, or sulfasalazine because they may decrease the effectiveness of L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine

  • Fluorouracil or nitrates (eg, nitroglycerin) because their side effects may be increased

  • Barbiturates (eg, phenobarbital), carbamazepine, hydantoins (eg, phenytoin), primidone, pyrimethamine, or valproic acid because their effectiveness may be decreased by L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.


How to use L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine:


Use L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.


  • L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine may be taken with or without food.

  • If you miss a dose of L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine.



Important safety information:


  • Diabetes patients - L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine may cause incorrect test results with some ketone tests. Check with your doctor before you adjust the dose of your diabetes medicine or change your diet.

  • L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine is not recommended for use in CHILDREN younger than 12 years of age. Safety and effectiveness in this age group have not been confirmed.

  • PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant while taking L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine, discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of using L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine during pregnancy. L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine is excreted in breast milk. Do not breastfeed while you are taking L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine.


Possible side effects of L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine:


All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:



Bloated feeling; headache; itching; mild diarrhea; mild fever; nausea; vomiting.



Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); lower back or side pain.



This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.



If OVERDOSE is suspected:


Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately.


Proper storage of L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine:

Store L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C). Store away from heat, light, and moisture. Keep L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine out of the reach of children and away from pets.


General information:


  • If you have any questions about L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

  • L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

  • If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

  • Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.



Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine resources


  • L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine Drug Interactions
  • L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine Support Group
  • 4 Reviews for L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine - Add your own review/rating


Compare L-Methylfolate/Methylcobalamin/N-Acetylcysteine with other medications


  • Dietary Supplementation
  • Hyperhomocysteinemia

Friday, September 7, 2012

Aristospan Suspension


Pronunciation: TRYE-am-SIN-oh-lone
Generic Name: Triamcinolone
Brand Name: Aristospan


Aristospan Suspension is used for:

Treating inflammation in a number of different skin disorders, such as certain types of alopecia (hair loss), keloids, or severe psoriasis. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.


Aristospan Suspension is a corticosteroid. Exactly how it works to decrease irritation and swelling is not known, but it has a wide range of effects at the cell level. This relieves the discomfort caused by inflammation.


Do NOT use Aristospan Suspension if:


  • you are allergic to any ingredient in Aristospan Suspension

  • you have a systemic fungal infection, herpes infection of the eye, or a malaria infection in the brain

  • you are using Aristospan Suspension as an intramuscular injection to treat a certain bleeding disorder (idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura)

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.



Before using Aristospan Suspension:


Some medical conditions may interact with Aristospan Suspension. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:


  • if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

  • if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

  • if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

  • if you have a bacterial or fungal infection; a viral infection (eg, chickenpox, shingles); measles; tuberculosis (TB); or a parasitic, amebae, or worm infection

  • if you have unexplained diarrhea, inflammation of the esophagus, ulcers, colitis, stomach or bowel problems (eg, inflammation, blockage, perforation), or recent stomach or bowel surgery

  • if you have heart problems (eg, congestive heart failure), recent heart attack, high blood pressure, blood clotting problems, diabetes, cataracts, glaucoma, increased eye pressure, or abnormal blood electrolyte (eg, potassium, sodium) levels

  • if you have kidney problems, liver problems (eg, cirrhosis), mood or mental problems, a seizure disorder (eg, epilepsy), a brain injury, thyroid problems, or weak or brittle bones (osteoporosis)

  • if you have had joint surgery or a positive TB skin test, or if you have been recently vaccinated

  • if you have myasthenia gravis and take anticholinesterases (eg, pyridostigmine)

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Aristospan Suspension. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:


  • Amphotericin B, digoxin, or diuretics (eg, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide) because the risk of low blood potassium and heart problems (eg, enlarged heart, irregular heartbeat, heart failure) may be increased

  • Cyclosporine because the risk of seizures may be increased

  • Anticoagulants (eg, warfarin) because an increase or decrease of their effects may occur

  • Azole antifungals (eg, itraconazole, ketoconazole), estrogens, hormonal contraceptives (birth control pills), or macrolide antibiotics (eg, clarithromycin) because they may increase the risk of Aristospan Suspension's side effects

  • Barbiturates (eg, phenobarbital), carbamazepine, cholestyramine, hydantoins (eg, phenytoin), or rifampin because they may decrease Aristospan Suspension's effectiveness

  • Aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (eg, ibuprofen), or ritodrine because the risk of their side effects may be increased by Aristospan Suspension

  • Anticholinesterases (eg, pyridostigmine) or isoniazid because their effectiveness may be decreased by Aristospan Suspension

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Aristospan Suspension may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.


How to use Aristospan Suspension:


Use Aristospan Suspension as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.


  • Aristospan Suspension is usually given as an injection at your doctor's office, hospital, or clinic. If you will be using Aristospan Suspension at home, a health care provider will teach you how to use it. Be sure you understand how to use Aristospan Suspension. Follow the procedures you are taught when you use a dose. Contact your health care provider if you have any questions.

  • Aristospan Suspension is for injection into the skin. Do not inject Aristospan Suspension into a vein or into an infected area.

  • Do not use Aristospan Suspension if it is discolored, or if the vial is cracked or damaged.

  • Shake well before using a dose.

  • Keep this product, as well as syringes and needles, out of the reach of children and pets. Do not reuse needles, syringes, or other materials. Ask your health care provider how to dispose of these materials after use. Follow all local rules for disposal.

  • If you miss a dose of Aristospan Suspension, contact your doctor right away.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Aristospan Suspension.



Important safety information:


  • Aristospan Suspension may lower the ability of your body to fight infection. Avoid contact with people who have colds or infections. Tell your doctor if you notice signs of infection like fever, sore throat, rash, or chills.

  • If you have not had chickenpox, shingles, or measles, avoid contact with anyone who does. Tell your doctor right away if you are exposed to anyone who has these infections or to anyone who has TB.

  • If you are on long-term therapy, you may have withdrawal symptoms if you suddenly stop using Aristospan Suspension. Contact your doctor right away if you have muscle and joint pain, exhaustion, or depression. Do not suddenly stop using Aristospan Suspension or change your dose without talking with your doctor or pharmacist.

  • If you are on long-term therapy, contact your doctor right away in the event of situations of physical stress (eg, injury, surgery, infection, or loss of blood electrolytes). You may need additional fast-acting steroids to help the body handle these situations.

  • Tell your doctor or dentist that you take Aristospan Suspension before you receive any medical or dental care, emergency care, or surgery.

  • Aristospan Suspension may interfere with skin allergy tests. If you are scheduled for a skin test, talk to your doctor. You may need to stop taking Aristospan Suspension for a few days before the tests.

  • Do not receive a live vaccine (eg, measles, mumps) while you are using Aristospan Suspension. Talk with your doctor before you receive any vaccine.

  • Aristospan Suspension has benzyl alcohol in it. Do not use it in NEWBORNS. It may cause serious and sometimes fatal nervous system problems and other side effects.

  • Lab tests, including blood pressure checks, bone density, and eye exams, may be performed while you use Aristospan Suspension. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.

  • Diabetes patients - Aristospan Suspension may affect your blood sugar. Check blood sugar levels closely. Ask your doctor before you change the dose of your diabetes medicine.

  • Corticosteroids may affect growth rate in CHILDREN and teenagers in some cases. They may need regular growth checks while they use Aristospan Suspension.

  • Caution is advised when using Aristospan Suspension in CHILDREN; they may be more sensitive to its effects.

  • PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Aristospan Suspension while you are pregnant. Aristospan Suspension is found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use Aristospan Suspension, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.


Possible side effects of Aristospan Suspension:


All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:



Acne; changes in appetite; constipation; diarrhea; headache; heartburn; nausea; restlessness; sweating; trouble sleeping; vomiting.



Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty swallowing or breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, hands, legs, eyes, throat, lips, or tongue; unusual hoarseness); confusion; fainting; fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat; joint stiffness; mood or mental changes (eg, depression); muscle pain or weakness; numbness or tingling in the hands or feet; pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site; personality changes; seizures; shortness of breath; signs of infection (eg, fever, chills, sore throat); slow wound healing; swelling of the ankles, hands, legs, or feet; vision changes.



This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.


See also: Aristospan side effects (in more detail)


If OVERDOSE is suspected:


Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately.


Proper storage of Aristospan Suspension:

Store Aristospan Suspension at room temperature, between 68 and 77 degrees F (20 and 25 degrees C). Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Aristospan Suspension out of the reach of children and away from pets.


General information:


  • If you have any questions about Aristospan Suspension, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

  • Aristospan Suspension is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

  • If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

  • Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Aristospan Suspension. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.



Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Aristospan resources


  • Aristospan Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Aristospan Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Aristospan Drug Interactions
  • Aristospan Support Group
  • 0 Reviews for Aristospan - Add your own review/rating


Compare Aristospan with other medications


  • Alopecia
  • Keloids
  • Lichen Planus
  • Lichen Sclerosus
  • Lichen Simplex Chronicus
  • Psoriasis
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Thursday, September 6, 2012

Epifoam



hydrocortisone acetate and pramoxine hydrochloride

Dosage Form: topical aerosol, foam
Epifoam®

(hydrocortisone acetate 1% and

pramoxine hydrochloride 1%)

topical aerosol


Rx Only



Epifoam Description


Epifoam® (hydrocortisone acetate 1% and pramoxine hydrochloride 1%) is a topical aerosol foam containing: hydrocortisone acetate 1% and pramoxine hydrochloride 1% in a base containing: propylene glycol, cetyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate and PEG 100 stearate blend, laureth-23, polyoxyl-40 stearate, methylparaben, propylparaben, trolamine, purified water and inert propellants: isobutane and propane.


Epifoam® contains a synthetic corticosteroid used as an anti-inflammatory/antipruritic agent and a local anesthetic.



Hydrocortisone acetate


Molecular weight: 404.50. Solubility of hydrocortisone acetate in water: 1mg/100mL.


Chemical name: Pregn-4-ene-3, 20-dione, 21-(acetyloxy)-11, 17-dihydroxy-(11β)-.




Pramoxine hydrochloride


Molecular weight: 329.86. Pramoxine hydrochloride is freely soluble in water.


Chemical name: morpholine, 4-[3-(4-butoxyphenoxy) propyl]-, hydrochloride.




Epifoam - Clinical Pharmacology


Topical corticosteroids share anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and vasoconstrictive actions. The mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of the topical corticosteroids is unclear. Various laboratory methods, including vasoconstrictor assays, are used to compare and predict potencies and/or clinical efficacies of the topical corticosteroids. There is some evidence to suggest that a recognizable correlation exists between vasoconstrictor potency and therapeutic efficacy in man.



Pramoxine Hydrochloride


A surface or local anesthetic which is not chemically related to the "caine" types of local anesthetics. Its unique chemical structure is likely to minimize the danger of cross-sensitivity reactions in patients allergic to other local anesthetics.



Pharmacokinetics


The extent of percutaneous absorption of topical corticosteroids is determined by many factors including the vehicle, the integrity of the epidermal barrier, and the use of occlusive dressings.


Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed from normal intact skin. Inflammation and/or disease processes in the skin increase the percutaneous absorption of topical corticosteroids. Occlusive dressings substantially increase the percutaneous absorption of topical corticosteroids. Thus, occlusive dressings may be a valuable therapeutic adjunct for treatment of resistant dermatoses. (See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION.)


Once absorbed through the skin, topical corticosteroids are handled through pharmacokinetic pathways similar to systemically administered corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are bound to plasma proteins in varying degrees. Corticosteroids are metabolized primarily in the liver and are then excreted by the kidneys. Some of the topical corticosteroids and their metabolites are also excreted into the bile.



Indications and Usage for Epifoam


Topical corticosteroids are indicated for the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses.



Contraindications


Topical corticosteroid products are contraindicated in those patients with a history of hypersensitivity to any of the components of the preparation.



Warnings


Not for prolonged use. If redness, pain, irritation or swelling persists, discontinue use and consult a physician. Contents of the container are under pressure. Do not burn or puncture the aerosol container. Do not store at temperatures above 120°F (49°C). Keep this and all medicines out of the reach of children.



Precautions



General


Systemic absorption of topical corticosteroids has produced reversible hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression, manifestations of Cushing's syndrome, hyperglycemia and glucosuria in some patients.


Conditions which augment systemic absorption include the application of the more potent steroids, use over large surface areas, prolonged use and the addition of occlusive dressings.


Therefore, patients receiving a large dose of a potent topical steroid applied to a large surface area or under an occlusive dressing should be evaluated periodically for evidence of HPA axis suppression by using the urinary free cortisol and ACTH stimulation tests. If HPA axis suppression is noted, an attempt should be made to withdraw the drug, to reduce the frequency of application, or to substitute a less potent steroid.


Recovery of HPA axis function is generally prompt and complete upon discontinuation of the drug. Infrequently, signs and symptoms of steroid withdrawal may occur, requiring supplemental systemic corticosteroids.


In pediatric patients absorption may result in higher blood levels and thus more susceptibility to systemic toxicity. (See PRECAUTIONS-Pediatric Use.) If irritation develops, topical corticosteroids should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted.


In the presence of dermatological infections, the use of an appropriate antifungal or antibacterial agent should be instituted. If a favorable response does not occur promptly, the corticosteroid should be discontinued until the infection has been adequately controlled.



Information for the Patient


Patients using topical corticosteroids should receive the following information and instructions:


  1. This medication is to be used as directed by the physician. It is for external use only. Avoid contact with the eyes.

  2. Do not use this medication for any disorder other than for which it has been prescribed.

  3. The treated skin area should not be bandaged or otherwise covered or wrapped as to be occlusive unless directed by the physician.

  4. Report any signs of local adverse reactions especially under occlusive dressings.

  5. Do not use any tight fitting diapers or plastic pants on a pediatric patient being treated in the diaper area, as these garments may constitute occlusive dressings.


Laboratory Tests


The following tests may be helpful in evaluating the HPA axis suppression:


 

Urinary free cortisol test

 

ACTH stimulation test


Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, and Impairment of Fertility


Long-term animal studies have not been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential or the effect on fertility of topical corticosteroids.


Studies to determine mutagenicity with prednisolone and hydrocortisone have revealed negative results.



Pregnancy Category C


Corticosteroids are generally teratogenic in laboratory animals when administered systemically at relatively low dosage levels. The more potent corticosteroids have been shown to be teratogenic after dermal application in laboratory animals. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women of teratogenic effects from topically applied corticosteroids. Therefore, topical corticosteroids should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Drugs of this class should not be used extensively on pregnant patients, in large amounts, or for prolonged periods of time.



Nursing mothers


It is not known whether topical administration of corticosteroids could result in sufficient systemic absorption to produce detectable quantities in breast milk. Systemically administered corticosteroids are secreted into breast milk in quantities not likely to have a deleterious effect on the infant. Caution should be exercised when any topical corticosteroids are administered to a nursing woman.



Pediatric Use


PEDIATRIC PATIENTS MAY DEMONSTRATE GREATER SUSCEPTIBILTY TO TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROID-INDUCED HPA AXIS SUPPRESSION AND CUSHING'S SYNDROME THAN MATURE PATIENTS BECAUSE OF A LARGER SKIN SURFACE AREA TO BODY WEIGHT RATIO.


Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression, Cushing's syndrome and intracranial hypertension have been reported in pediatric patients receiving topical corticosteroids. Manifestations of adrenal suppression in pediatric patients include linear growth retardation, delayed weight gain, low plasma cortisone levels and absence of response to ACTH stimulation. Manifestations of intracranial hypertension include bulging fontanelles, headaches, and bilateral papilledema.


Administration of topical corticosteroids to pediatric patients should be limited to the least amount compatible with an effective therapeutic regimen. Chronic corticosteroid therapy may interfere with the growth and development of pediatric patients.



Geriatric Use


Reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious using the least amount compatible with an effective therapeutic regimen and reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.



Adverse Reactions


The following local adverse reactions are reported infrequently with topical corticosteroids, but may occur more frequently with the use of occlusive dressings. These reactions are listed in an approximately decreasing order of occurrence:


Burning, Itching, Irritation, Dryness, Folliculitis, Hypertrichosis, Acneiform eruptions, Hypopigmentation, Perioral dermatitis, Allergic contact dermatitis, Maceration of the skin, Secondary infection, Skin atrophy, Striae, Miliaria



Overdosage


Topically applied corticosteroids can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to produce systemic effects. (See PRECAUTIONS.)



Epifoam Dosage and Administration


Apply to affected area 3 to 4 times daily.


Occlusive dressings may be used for the management of psoriasis or recalcitrant conditions. If an infection develops, the use of occlusive dressings should be discontinued and appropriate antimicrobial therapy instituted.



Directions For Use


  1. Shake the container vigorously for 5-10 seconds before each use.

  2. While holding container upright, prime the container by pressing down several times on container cap until foam appears. Apply a small amount directly to affected area 3-4 times daily depending on severity of the condition. Alternatively, dispense a small amount to a pad and apply to affected areas.

    NOTE: The aerosol container should never be inserted into vagina or anus.

  3. The container and cap should be disassembled and rinsed with warm water after use.


How is Epifoam Supplied


Epifoam® is supplied in 10 g pressurized cans.


 

NDC 68220 - 144 - 10                    10 g


Store upright at controlled room temperature 20° – 25°C (68° – 77°F). DO NOT REFRIGERATE.



Marketed and Distributed by:

ALAVEN®

PHARMACEUTICAL LLC

Marietta, GA 30067

For Medical Inquiries,

call toll-free 1-888-317-0001

www.alavenpharm.com


4009474

Rev. 08/08



PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 10 g Carton


NDC 68220-144-10

STORE UPRIGHT


Epifoam®

(hydrocortisone acetate 1% and

pramoxine hydrochloride 1%)


topical aerosol


Rx Only


ALAVEN®

PHARMACEUTICAL LLC


10 g net wt




PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 10 g Label


NDC 68220-144-10

STORE UPRIGHT


10 g net wt


Epifoam®

(hydrocortisone acetate 1% and

pramoxine hydrochloride 1%)


topical aerosol


Rx Only


HOLD UPRIGHT TO DISPENSE


WARNINGS: Contents of

the container are under

pressure. Do not burn or

puncture the aerosol

container. Do not store at

temperatures above 120°F

(49°C).










Epifoam 
hydrocortisone acetate and pramoxine hydrochloride  aerosol, foam










Product Information
Product TypeHUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUGNDC Product Code (Source)68220-144
Route of AdministrationTOPICALDEA Schedule    











Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
Ingredient NameBasis of StrengthStrength
hydrocortisone acetate (hydrocortisone)hydrocortisone100 mg  in 10 g
pramoxine hydrochloride (pramoxine)pramoxine100 mg  in 10 g


























Inactive Ingredients
Ingredient NameStrength
propylene glycol 
cetyl alcohol 
glyceryl monostearate 
laureth-23 
polyoxyl 40 stearate 
methylparaben 
propylparaben 
trolamine 
water 
isobutane 
propane 


















Product Characteristics
Color    Score    
ShapeSize
FlavorImprint Code
Contains      














Packaging
#NDCPackage DescriptionMultilevel Packaging
168220-144-101 CONTAINER In 1 CARTONcontains a CONTAINER
110 g In 1 CONTAINERThis package is contained within the CARTON (68220-144-10)










Marketing Information
Marketing CategoryApplication Number or Monograph CitationMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
ANDAANDA08645712/19/1979


Labeler - Alaven Pharmaceutical LLC (140210829)
Revised: 11/2009Alaven Pharmaceutical LLC

More Epifoam resources


  • Epifoam Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Epifoam Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Epifoam Drug Interactions
  • Epifoam Support Group
  • 0 Reviews for Epifoam - Add your own review/rating


  • Epifoam Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)

  • Epifoam Foam MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Analpram-HC Cream MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Enzone Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)

  • Novacort MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Pramosone Lotion MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Proctofoam HC Foam MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)



Compare Epifoam with other medications


  • Dermatitis
  • Dermatological Disorders
  • Hemorrhoids
  • Psoriasis

Wednesday, September 5, 2012

Peganone


Generic Name: ethotoin (Oral route)

ETH-oh-toin

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.


  • Peganone

Available Dosage Forms:


  • Tablet

Therapeutic Class: Anticonvulsant


Chemical Class: Hydantoin (class)


Uses For Peganone


Ethotoin is used to control tonic-clonic (grand mal) and complex partial seizures. This medicine is an anticonvulsant that works in the brain tissue to stop seizures.


This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.


Before Using Peganone


In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:


Allergies


Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.


Pediatric


Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of ethotoin in children. However, safety and efficacy have not been established in children younger than 1 year of age.


Geriatric


Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of ethotoin in the elderly. However, elderly patients are more likely to have age-related liver, kidney, or heart problems, which may require caution and an adjustment in the dose for patients receiving ethotoin.


Pregnancy








Pregnancy CategoryExplanation
All TrimestersDStudies in pregnant women have demonstrated a risk to the fetus. However, the benefits of therapy in a life threatening situation or a serious disease, may outweigh the potential risk.

Breast Feeding


There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.


Interactions with Medicines


Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.


Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.


  • Ketorolac

  • Naproxen

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.


  • Ginkgo

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol


Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.


Other Medical Problems


The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:


  • Blood disorders or

  • Liver problems—Should not be used in patients with these conditions.

  • Depression, history of or

  • Megaloblastic anemia—Use with caution. May make these conditions worse.

Proper Use of Peganone


Take this medicine only as directed by your doctor. Do not take more of it, do not take it more often, and do not take it for a longer time than your doctor ordered.


This medicine should come with a Medication Guide. Read and follow these instructions carefully. Ask your doctor if you have any questions.


It is best to take this medicine after meals.


It is best to plan your doses so they are evenly spaced during the day. Talk with your doctor if you have questions about when to take this medicine.


Dosing


The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.


The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.


  • For oral dosage form (tablets):
    • For seizures:
      • Adults—At first, 1000 milligrams (mg) per day, divided and given in 4 to 6 doses per day. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. The usual dose is 2000 to 3000 mg per day.

      • Children 1 year of age and older—Dose is based on age and body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The usual dose is 500 to 1000 milligrams (mg) per day, divided and given in 4 to 6 doses per day.

      • Infants younger than 1 year of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.



Missed Dose


If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.


Storage


Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.


Keep out of the reach of children.


Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.


Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.


Precautions While Using Peganone


It is very important that your doctor check the progress of you or your child at regular visits while you or your child are using this medicine to see if it is working properly and to allow for a change in the dose. Blood and urine tests may be needed to check for any unwanted effects.


Using this medicine while you are pregnant can harm your unborn baby. Use an effective form of birth control to keep from getting pregnant. If you think you have become pregnant while using the medicine, tell your doctor right away. Your doctor may want you to join a pregnancy registry for patients taking seizure medicines.


Do not stop taking this medicine without first checking with your doctor. Your doctor may want you or your child to gradually reduce the amount you are using before stopping it completely.


Ethotoin may cause some people to be agitated, irritable, or display other abnormal behaviors. It may also cause some people to have suicidal thoughts and tendencies or to become more depressed. If you, your child, or your caregiver notice any of these side effects, tell your doctor or your child's doctor right away.


Call your doctor right away if you or your child have a fever; nosebleeds; skin rash; small red or purple spots on the skin; a sore throat; unusual bruising or bleeding; unusual tiredness or weakness; or generally feel ill. These may be signs that you have an infection or a bleeding problem.


Lymph node problems may occur while using this medicine. Check with your doctor right away if you or your child have swollen, painful, or tender lymph glands in your neck, armpit, or groin.


Peganone Side Effects


Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.


Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:


Rare
  • Enlarged gums

  • shakiness and unsteady walk

  • unsteadiness, trembling, or other problems with muscle control or coordination

Incidence not known
  • Blistering, peeling, or loosening of the skin

  • chest pain

  • cough

  • diarrhea

  • fever and chills

  • general feeling of discomfort or illness

  • hair loss

  • headaches

  • hives or itching

  • joint or muscle pain

  • numbness

  • red, irritated eyes

  • red skin lesions, often with a purple center

  • shortness of breath or troubled breathing

  • skin rash

  • sore throat

  • sores, ulcers, or white spots in the mouth or on the lips

  • swollen glands

  • swollen, painful, or tender lymph glands in the neck, armpit, or groin

  • unusual tiredness or weakness

Get emergency help immediately if any of the following symptoms of overdose occur:


Symptoms of overdose
  • Blurred or loss of vision

  • change in consciousness

  • disturbed color perception

  • double vision

  • drowsiness

  • halos around lights

  • loss of consciousness

  • nausea

  • night blindness

  • overbright appearance of lights

  • tunnel vision

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:


Incidence not known
  • Dizziness

  • sleeplessness

  • trouble sleeping

  • unable to sleep

  • uncontrolled eye movements

  • vomiting

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.


Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: Peganone side effects (in more detail)



The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.


The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.


More Peganone resources


  • Peganone Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Peganone Dosage
  • Peganone Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Drug Images
  • Peganone Drug Interactions
  • Peganone Support Group
  • 0 Reviews for Peganone - Add your own review/rating


  • Peganone Prescribing Information (FDA)

  • Peganone Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)

  • Peganone MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Ethotoin Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)



Compare Peganone with other medications


  • Epilepsy
  • Seizure Prevention
  • Seizures

Sunday, September 2, 2012

Tegretol Suspension



Pronunciation: KAR-ba-MAZ-e-peen
Generic Name: Carbamazepine
Brand Name: Tegretol

Tegretol Suspension may rarely cause severe blood problems (eg, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis). Contact your doctor right away if you develop fever, chills, or sore throat; rash; ulcers or sores in the mouth; unusual bruising or bleeding; unusual tiredness; or swollen lymph nodes. Lab tests, including complete blood cell counts, will be performed before and during treatment with Tegretol Suspension. These tests will be used to check for side effects.


Tegretol Suspension may rarely cause serious and sometimes fatal skin reactions. Contact your doctor at once if you develop red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever. The risk of this reaction may be greater in Asian patients. Asian patients may need to have a blood test before they start Tegretol Suspension to determine whether they have a greater risk of developing a severe skin reaction.





Tegretol Suspension is used for:

Treating certain types of seizures. It is also used to treat severe pain of the jaw or cheek caused by a facial nerve problem (trigeminal neuralgia). It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.


Tegretol Suspension is an anticonvulsant. It works to control seizures by blocking certain nerve impulses in the brain. It works to treat trigeminal neuralgia by altering nerve impulses in certain facial nerves, which relieves pain.


Do NOT use Tegretol Suspension if:


  • you are allergic to any ingredient in Tegretol Suspension

  • you are allergic to tricyclic antidepressants (eg, amitriptyline), cyclobenzaprine, or similar medicines

  • you have a history of bone marrow depression, the blood disorder porphyria, or other serious blood disorders

  • you are taking nefazodone

  • you are taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) (eg, phenelzine) or you have taken an MAOI within the last 14 days

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.



Video: Treatment for Depression







Treatments for depression are getting better everyday and there are things you can start doing right away.






Before using Tegretol Suspension:


Some medical conditions may interact with Tegretol Suspension. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:


  • if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

  • if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

  • if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

  • if you are allergic to other seizure medicines (eg, phenytoin, phenobarbital)

  • if you have a history of other types of seizures (eg, absence, atonic), increased pressure in the eye (eg, glaucoma), liver or kidney problems, mood or mental problems, suicidal thoughts or actions, or multiple sclerosis

  • if you have a history of heart problems (eg, heart failure, heart block, irregular heartbeat), an abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG), high blood pressure, or high blood cholesterol

  • if you have a history of blood problems, including blood problems caused by other medicines

  • if you have been tested and know whether or not you have a gene type called HLA-B*1502

  • if you have previously taken Tegretol Suspension

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Tegretol Suspension. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:


  • MAOIs (eg, phenelzine) because a severe reaction, including severe high blood pressure and high fever, may occur

  • Nefazodone because its effectiveness may be decreased by Tegretol Suspension

  • Many other prescription and nonprescription medicines (eg, used for allergies, asthma, blood thinning, cancer, diabetes, infections, inflammation, aches and pains, heartburn or reflux disease, high blood pressure, heart problems, high cholesterol, birth control, hormone replacement, immune system suppression, mental or mood problems, sleep, seizures), multivitamin products, and herbal or dietary supplements (eg, herbal teas, coenzyme Q10, garlic, ginseng, ginkgo, St. John's wort) may also interact with Tegretol Suspension. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you are unsure if any of your medicines might interfere with Tegretol Suspension

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Tegretol Suspension may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.


How to use Tegretol Suspension:


Use Tegretol Suspension as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.


  • Tegretol Suspension comes with an extra patient information sheet called a Medication Guide. Read it carefully. Read it again each time you get Tegretol Suspension refilled.

  • Take Tegretol Suspension by mouth with food.

  • Shake well before each use.

  • Use a measuring device marked for medicine dosing. Ask your pharmacist for help if you are unsure of how to measure your dose.

  • If you also take other liquid medicines or products, especially chlorpromazine or thioridazine liquids, do not take them at the same time you take Tegretol Suspension. Ask your doctor how you should take them with Tegretol Suspension.

  • Eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice may increase the risk of Tegretol Suspension's side effects. Talk with your doctor before including grapefruit or grapefruit juice in your diet.

  • Do not suddenly stop taking Tegretol Suspension. You may have an increased risk of seizures. If you need to stop Tegretol Suspension or add a new medicine, your doctor will gradually lower your dose.

  • Taking Tegretol Suspension at the same time each day will help you remember to take it.

  • Take Tegretol Suspension on a regular schedule to get the most benefit from it.

  • Continue to take Tegretol Suspension even if you feel well. Do not miss any doses.

  • If you miss a dose of Tegretol Suspension, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose. Go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Tegretol Suspension.



Important safety information:


  • Tegretol Suspension may cause drowsiness, dizziness, or blurred vision. These effects may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use Tegretol Suspension with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it.

  • Check with your doctor before you drink alcohol or use medicines that may cause drowsiness (eg, sleep aids, muscle relaxers) while you are using Tegretol Suspension; it may add to their effects. Ask your pharmacist if you have questions about which medicines may cause drowsiness.

  • Do NOT take more than the recommended dose without checking with your doctor.

  • Patients who take Tegretol Suspension may be at increased risk of suicidal thoughts or actions. The risk may be greater in patients who have had suicidal thoughts or actions in the past. Watch patients who take Tegretol Suspension closely. Contact the doctor at once if new, worsened, or sudden symptoms such as anxious, restless, or irritable behavior; depressed mood; panic attacks; or any unusual change in mood or behavior occur. Contact the doctor right away if any signs of suicidal thoughts or actions occur.

  • Tegretol Suspension may lower the ability of your body to fight infection. Avoid contact with people who have colds or infections. Tell your doctor if you notice signs of infection like fever, sore throat, rash, or chills.

  • Tegretol Suspension may reduce the number of clot-forming cells (platelets) in your blood. Avoid activities that may cause bruising or injury. Tell your doctor if you have unusual bruising or bleeding. Tell your doctor if you have dark, tarry, or bloody stools.

  • Tegretol Suspension may cause you to become sunburned more easily. Avoid the sun, sunlamps, or tanning booths until you know how you react to Tegretol Suspension. Use a sunscreen or wear protective clothing if you must be outside for more than a short time.

  • Hormonal birth control (eg, birth control pills) may not work as well while you are using Tegretol Suspension. To prevent pregnancy, use an extra form of birth control (eg, condoms).

  • Tell your doctor or dentist that you take Tegretol Suspension before you receive any medical or dental care, emergency care, or surgery.

  • Patients who have a certain gene type called HLA-B*1502 may have an increased risk of serious skin reactions from Tegretol Suspension. This gene type is found most commonly in Asian patients. Tell your doctor if you have been tested and know whether or not you have the HLA-B*1502 gene type. Discuss any questions or concerns with your doctor.

  • Do not switch from the tablets form of Tegretol Suspension to the suspension form without checking with your doctor. The same dose may not have the same side effects.

  • Tegretol Suspension may interfere with certain lab tests, including thyroid function. Be sure your doctor and lab personnel know you are using Tegretol Suspension.

  • Lab tests, including complete blood cell counts, liver and kidney function, eye exams, and carbamazepine blood levels, may be performed while you use Tegretol Suspension. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.

  • Tegretol Suspension may cause the results of some pregnancy tests to be wrong. Check with your doctor if you have questions or concerns about your pregnancy test results.

  • Use Tegretol Suspension with caution in the ELDERLY; they may be more sensitive to its effects, especially agitation or confusion.

  • PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: Tegretol Suspension has been shown to cause harm to the fetus. If you think you may be pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Tegretol Suspension while you are pregnant. Tegretol Suspension is found in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking Tegretol Suspension.


Possible side effects of Tegretol Suspension:


All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:



Dizziness; drowsiness; dry mouth; nausea; unsteadiness; vomiting.



Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); black, tarry, or bloody stools; calf pain, swelling, or tenderness; change in the amount of urine produced; chest pain; confusion; dark urine; decreased coordination; fainting; fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat; fever, chills, or sore throat; hallucinations; joint pain; light-headedness; loss of appetite; menstrual changes; new or worsening mental or mood changes (eg, aggression, agitation, anger, anxiety, depression, irritability, restlessness); pain, tenderness, or unusual swelling in the neck, groin, or under the arms; red or purple spots on your body; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin; severe or persistent dizziness or headache; severe or persistent nausea or vomiting; shortness of breath; speech problems; stomach pain; sudden, unusual weight gain; suicidal thoughts or actions; swelling of the hands, ankles, or feet; swollen lymph nodes; trouble sleeping; ulcers or sores in the mouth; uncontrolled muscle movements; unusual bruising or bleeding (eg, bleeding gums, nosebleeds); unusual tiredness or weakness; vision or eye problems; yellowing of the skin or eyes.



This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.


See also: Tegretol side effects (in more detail)


If OVERDOSE is suspected:


Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include decreased urination; fainting; fast or irregular heartbeat; loss of consciousness; muscle twitching or tremor; seizures; severe dizziness, headache, or drowsiness; severe nausea or vomiting; slow, shallow, or irregular breathing.


Proper storage of Tegretol Suspension:

Store Tegretol Suspension at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C), in a tightly closed container. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Tegretol Suspension out of the reach of children and away from pets.


General information:


  • If you have any questions about Tegretol Suspension, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

  • Tegretol Suspension is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

  • If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

  • Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Tegretol Suspension. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.



Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Tegretol resources


  • Tegretol Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Tegretol Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Drug Images
  • Tegretol Drug Interactions
  • Tegretol Support Group
  • 36 Reviews for Tegretol - Add your own review/rating


Compare Tegretol with other medications


  • Bipolar Disorder
  • Diabetic Nerve Damage
  • Dystonia
  • Epilepsy
  • Peripheral Neuropathy
  • Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome
  • Schizoaffective Disorder
  • Trigeminal Neuralgia
  • Vulvodynia

Saturday, September 1, 2012

Levofloxacin Solution



Pronunciation: LEE-voe-FLOX-a-sin
Generic Name: Levofloxacin
Brand Name: Levaquin

Levofloxacin Solution is associated with an increased risk of tendon problems. These include pain, swelling, inflammation, and possible breakage of tendons. The risk of tendon problems is greater in patients who are older than 60 years, patients who take corticosteroids (eg, prednisone), and in those who have received kidney, heart, or lung transplants. The Achilles tendon in the back of the foot/ankle is most often affected. However, problems may also occur in other tendons (eg, in the arm, hand, shoulder). Problems may occur while you take Levofloxacin Solution or up to several months after you stop taking it.


Signs of tendon problems may include pain, soreness, redness, or swelling of a tendon or joint; bruising right after an injury in a tendon area; hearing or feeling a snap or pop in a joint or tendon area; or inability to move or bear weight on a joint or tendon area. Tell your doctor right away if you experience any of these symptoms while you take Levofloxacin Solution or within several months after you stop taking it.


Levofloxacin Solution may worsen muscle weakness and breathing problems in patients with myasthenia gravis. Do not take Levofloxacin Solution if you have a history of myasthenia gravis.





Levofloxacin Solution is used for:

Treating infections caused by certain bacteria. It may also be used to prevent or slow anthrax after exposure.


Levofloxacin Solution is a quinolone antibiotic. It works by killing sensitive bacteria.


Do NOT use Levofloxacin Solution if:


  • you are allergic to any ingredient in Levofloxacin Solution or to any other quinolone antibiotic (eg, ciprofloxacin)

  • you have a certain type of irregular heartbeat (QT prolongation, long QT syndrome) or low blood potassium levels

  • you have a history of myasthenia gravis

  • you are taking cisapride or certain antiarrhythmics (eg, amiodarone, procainamide, quinidine, sotalol)

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.



Before using Levofloxacin Solution:


Some medical conditions may interact with Levofloxacin Solution. Tell your health care provider if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:


  • if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

  • if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

  • if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

  • if you have a history of severe or persistent diarrhea, skin sensitivity to the sun, diabetes, low blood potassium levels, chest pain, angina, heart problems (eg, enlarged heart, heart failure), a heart attack, irregular heartbeat (eg, QT prolongation), or if you have a family member with a history of fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat (eg, QT prolongation)

  • if you have a stomach infection, liver problems, brain or nervous system problems, muscle problems (eg, myasthenia gravis), increased pressure in the brain, Alzheimer disease, brain blood vessel problems, or a history of seizures

  • if you have a history of bone, joint, or tendon problems; liver problems; rheumatoid arthritis; a heart, kidney, or lung transplant; or kidney problems or decreased kidney function

  • if you take corticosteroids (eg, prednisone) or participate in strenuous physical work or exercise

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Levofloxacin Solution. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:


  • Antiarrhythmics (eg, amiodarone, procainamide, quinidine, sotalol), arsenic, astemizole, cisapride, dofetilide, droperidol, haloperidol, imidazoles (eg, ketoconazole), macrolides (eg, erythromycin), methadone, paliperidone, phenothiazines (eg, chlorpromazine), pimozide, ranolazine, serotonin receptor antagonists (eg, dolasetron), telithromycin, terfenadine, or ziprasidone because the risk of serious heart problems, including irregular heartbeat, may be increased

  • Insulin or oral diabetes medicines (eg, glyburide) because the risk of high or low blood sugar may be increased

  • Corticosteroids (eg, prednisone) because the risk of tendon problems may be increased

  • Anticoagulants (eg, warfarin) because the risk of bleeding may be increased

  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (eg, ibuprofen) or theophylline because the risk of serious side effects, including seizures, may be increased

  • Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) (eg, duloxetine) because the risk of their side effects may be increased by Levofloxacin Solution

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Levofloxacin Solution may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.


How to use Levofloxacin Solution:


Use Levofloxacin Solution as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.


  • Levofloxacin Solution comes with an extra patient information sheet called a Medication Guide. Read it carefully. Read it again each time you get Levofloxacin Solution refilled.

  • Take Levofloxacin Solution by mouth on an empty stomach at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after eating.

  • Use a measuring device marked for medicine dosing. Ask your pharmacist for help if you are unsure of how to measure your dose.

  • Drinking extra fluids while you are taking Levofloxacin Solution is recommended. Check with your doctor for instructions.

  • Do not take a product that has magnesium or aluminum, calcium, zinc, or iron in it within 2 hours before or 2 hours after you take Levofloxacin Solution. Examples of these products include antacids, multivitamins, quinapril, and calcium-fortified orange juice. Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you have a question about whether you should separate Levofloxacin Solution from a certain food or product.

  • If you also take sucralfate or didanosine, do not take them within 2 hours before or 2 hours after taking Levofloxacin Solution. Check with your doctor if you have questions.

  • Levofloxacin Solution works best if it is taken at the same time each day.

  • To clear up your infection completely, take Levofloxacin Solution for the full course of treatment. Keep taking it even if you feel better in a few days.

  • Do not miss any doses of Levofloxacin Solution. If you miss a dose of Levofloxacin Solution, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Levofloxacin Solution.



Important safety information:


  • Levofloxacin Solution may cause dizziness or light-headedness. These effects may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use Levofloxacin Solution with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it.

  • Mild diarrhea is common with antibiotic use. However, a more serious form of diarrhea (pseudomembranous colitis) may rarely occur. This may develop while you use the antibiotic or within several months after you stop using it. Contact your doctor right away if stomach pain or cramps, severe diarrhea, or bloody stools occur. Do not treat diarrhea without first checking with your doctor.

  • Levofloxacin Solution only works against bacteria; it does not treat viral infections (eg, the common cold).

  • Be sure to use Levofloxacin Solution for the full course of treatment. If you do not, the medicine may not clear up your infection completely. The bacteria could also become less sensitive to this or other medicines. This could make the infection harder to treat in the future.

  • Long-term or repeated use of Levofloxacin Solution may cause a second infection. Tell your doctor if signs of a second infection occur. Your medicine may need to be changed to treat this.

  • Tell your doctor right away if you experience pain or swelling of a tendon or weakness or loss of use of a joint area. Rest the area and avoid exercise until further instruction from your doctor.

  • Levofloxacin Solution may cause you to become sunburned more easily. Avoid the sun, sunlamps, or tanning booths until you know how you react to Levofloxacin Solution. Use a sunscreen or wear protective clothing if you must be outside for more than a short time.

  • If you are scheduled to receive a typhoid vaccine while you are taking Levofloxacin Solution, talk with your doctor. Levofloxacin Solution may decrease the effectiveness of the vaccine.

  • Diabetes patients - Levofloxacin Solution may affect your blood sugar. Check blood sugar levels closely. Ask your doctor before you change the dose of your diabetes medicine.

  • Levofloxacin Solution may interfere with certain lab tests. Be sure your doctor and lab personnel know you are taking Levofloxacin Solution.

  • Lab tests, including liver and kidney function and complete blood cell counts, may be performed while you use Levofloxacin Solution. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.

  • Use Levofloxacin Solution with caution in the ELDERLY; they may be more sensitive to its effects (eg, tendon problems), especially if they take corticosteroids (eg, prednisone). They may also be more sensitive to other effects (eg, irregular heartbeat, liver problems).

  • Levofloxacin Solution should be used with extreme caution in CHILDREN younger than 18 years; they may be more sensitive to its effects, especially joint and tendon problems

  • PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Levofloxacin Solution while you are pregnant. Levofloxacin Solution is found in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while using Levofloxacin Solution.


Possible side effects of Levofloxacin Solution:


All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:



Constipation; diarrhea; dizziness; gas; headache; light-headedness; nausea; stomach pain.



Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue; unusual hoarseness); bloody or tarry stools; chest pain; decreased or painful urination; decreased sensation of touch; fainting; fast or irregular heartbeat; fever, chills, sore throat, or unusual cough; hallucinations; inability to move or bear weight on a joint or tendon area; moderate or severe sunburn; mood or mental changes (eg, agitation, confusion, depression, nervousness, new or worsening anxiety, restlessness, sleeplessness); muscle pain or weakness; new or worsening nightmares; pain, soreness, redness, swelling, weakness, or bruising of a tendon or joint area; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin; seizures; severe or persistent diarrhea; severe or persistent dizziness, light-headedness, tiredness, or weakness; severe or persistent stomach pain or cramps; shortness of breath or trouble breathing; suicidal thoughts or actions; symptoms of high or low blood sugar (eg, dizziness; fainting; fast breathing; flushing; increased sweating; increased thirst, hunger, or urination; vision changes); symptoms of liver problems (eg, dark urine, loss of appetite, pale stools, yellowing of the skin or eyes); symptoms of nerve problems (eg, changes in perception of heat or cold; unusual burning, numbness, tingling, pain, or weakness of the arms, hands, legs, or feet); tremors; unusual bruising or bleeding; vaginal discharge, irritation, or odor; vision changes; wheezing.



This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.



If OVERDOSE is suspected:


Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately.


Proper storage of Levofloxacin Solution:

Store Levofloxacin Solution at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Brief storage at temperatures between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C) is permitted. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Levofloxacin Solution out of the reach of children and away from pets.


General information:


  • If you have any questions about Levofloxacin Solution, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

  • Levofloxacin Solution is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

  • If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

  • Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Levofloxacin Solution. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.



Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Levofloxacin resources


  • Levofloxacin Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Drug Images
  • Levofloxacin Drug Interactions
  • Levofloxacin Support Group
  • 157 Reviews for Levofloxacin - Add your own review/rating


Compare Levofloxacin with other medications


  • Anthrax
  • Anthrax Prophylaxis
  • Bacterial Infection
  • Bladder Infection
  • Bronchitis
  • Chlamydia Infection
  • Epididymitis, Sexually Transmitted
  • Gonococcal Infection, Disseminated
  • Gonococcal Infection, Uncomplicated
  • Kidney Infections
  • Nongonococcal Urethritis
  • Nosocomial Pneumonia
  • Otitis Media
  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
  • Pneumonia
  • Prostatitis
  • Sinusitis
  • Skin Infection
  • Streptococcal Infection
  • Tuberculosis, Active
  • Urinary Tract Infection