1. Name Of The Medicinal Product
MabCampath 30 mg/ml concentrate for solution for infusion
2. Qualitative And Quantitative Composition
One ml contains 30 mg of alemtuzumab.
Each vial contains 30 mg of alemtuzumab.
Alemtuzumab is a genetically engineered humanised IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody specific for a 21-28 kD lymphocyte cell surface glycoprotein (CD52). The antibody is produced in mammalian cell (Chinese Hamster Ovary) suspension culture in a nutrient medium.
For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
3. Pharmaceutical Form
Concentrate for solution for infusion.
Colourless to slightly yellow concentrate.
4. Clinical Particulars
4.1 Therapeutic Indications
MabCampath is indicated for the treatment of patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) for whom fludarabine combination chemotherapy is not appropriate.
4.2 Posology And Method Of Administration
MabCampath should be administered under the supervision of a physician experienced in the use of cancer therapy.
The MabCampath solution must be prepared according to the instructions provided in section 6.6. All doses should be administered by intravenous infusion over approximately 2 hours.
Patients should be premedicated with oral or intravenous steroids, an appropriate antihistamine and analgesic 30-60 minutes prior to each MabCampath infusion during dose escalation and as clinically indicated thereafter (see section 4.4).
Antibiotics and antivirals should be administered routinely to all patients throughout and following treatment (see section 4.4).
During the first week of treatment, MabCampath should be administered in escalating doses: 3 mg on day 1, 10 mg on day 2 and 30 mg on day 3 assuming that each dose is well tolerated. Thereafter, the recommended dose is 30 mg daily administered 3 times weekly on alternate days up to a maximum of 12 weeks.
In most patients, dose escalation to 30 mg can be accomplished in 3-7 days. However, if acute moderate to severe adverse reactions such as hypotension, rigors, fever, shortness of breath, chills, rashes and bronchospasm (some of which may be due to cytokine release) occur at either the 3 mg or 10 mg dose levels, then those doses should be repeated daily until they are well tolerated before further dose escalation is attempted (see section 4.4).
Median duration of treatment was 11.7 weeks for first line patients and 9.0 weeks for previously treated patients.
Once a patient meets all laboratory and clinical criteria for a complete response, MabCampath should be discontinued and the patient monitored. If a patient improves (i.e. achieves a partial response or stable disease) and then reaches a plateau without further improvement for 4 weeks or more, then MabCampath should be discontinued and the patient monitored. Therapy should be discontinued if there is evidence of disease progression.
In the event of serious infection or severe haematological toxicity MabCampath should be interrupted until the event resolves. It is recommended that MabCampath should be interrupted in patients whose platelet count falls to < 25,000/μl or whose absolute neutrophil count (ANC) drops to < 250/μl. MabCampath may be reinstituted after the infection or toxicity has resolved. MabCampath should be permanently discontinued if autoimmune anaemia or autoimmune thrombocytopenia appears. The following table outlines the recommended procedure for dose modification following the occurrence of haematological toxicity while on therapy:
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*If the delay between dosing is
There are no dose modifications recommended for severe lymphopenia given the mechanism of action of MabCampath.
Children and adolescents ( below 17 years of age):
No studies have been conducted. MabCampath is not recommended for use in the paediatric age group.
Elderly (over 65 years of age):
Recommendations are as stated above for adults. Patients should be monitored carefully (see section 4.4).
Patients with renal or hepatic impairment:
No studies have been conducted.
4.3 Contraindications
- hypersensitivity to alemtuzumab, to murine proteins or to any of the excipients;
- patients with active systemic infections;
- patients infected with HIV;
- patients with active second malignancies;
- pregnancy.
4.4 Special Warnings And Precautions For Use
Acute adverse reactions, which may occur during initial dose escalation and some of which may be due to the release of cytokines, include hypotension, chills/rigors, fever, shortness of breath and rashes. Additional reactions include nausea, urticaria, vomiting, fatigue, dyspnoea, headache, pruritus, diarrhoea and bronchospasm. The frequency of infusion reactions was highest in the first week of therapy, and declined in the second or third week of treatment, in patients treated with MabCampath both as first line therapy and in previously treated patients.
If these events are moderate to severe, then dosing should continue at the same level prior to each dose escalation, with appropriate premedication, until each dose is well tolerated. If therapy is withheld for more than 7 days, MabCampath should be reinstituted with gradual dose escalation.
Transient hypotension has occurred in patients receiving MabCampath. Caution should be used in treating patients with ischaemic heart disease, angina and/or in patients receiving an antihypertensive medicincal product. Myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest have been observed in association with MabCampath infusion in this patient population.
Assessment and ongoing monitoring of cardiac function (e.g. echocardiography, heart rate and body weight) should be considered in patients previously treated with potentially cardiotoxic agents.
It is recommended that patients be premedicated with oral or intravenous steroids 30-60 minutes prior to each MabCampath infusion during dose escalation and as clinically indicated. Steroids may be discontinued as appropriate, once dose escalation has been achieved. In addition, an oral antihistamine, e.g. diphenhydramine 50 mg, and an analgesic, e.g. paracetamol 500 mg, may be given. In the event that acute infusion reactions persist, the infusion time may be extended up to 8 hours from the time of reconstitution of MabCampath in solution for infusion.
Profound lymphocyte depletion, an expected pharmacological effect of MabCampath, inevitably occurs and may be prolonged. CD4 and CD8 T-cell counts begin to rise from weeks 8-12 during treatment and continue to recover for several months following the discontinuation of treatment. In patients receiving MabCampath as first line therapy, the recovery of CD4+ counts to Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) and an effective oral anti-herpes agent, such as famciclovir, 250 mg twice daily) should be initiated while on therapy and for a minimum of 2 months following completion of treatment with MabCampath or until the CD4+ count has recovered to 200 cells/μl or greater, whichever is the later.
Because of the potential for Transfusion Associated Graft Versus Host Disease (TAGVHD) it is recommended that patients who have been treated with MabCampath receive irradiated blood products.
Asymptomatic laboratory positive Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viraemia should not necessarily be considered a serious infection requiring interruption of therapy. Ongoing clinical assessment should be performed for symptomatic CMV infection during MabCampath treatment and for at least 2 months following completion of treatment.
Transient grade 3 or 4 neutropenia occurs very commonly by weeks 5-8 following initiation of treatment. Transient grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia occurs very commonly during the first 2 weeks of therapy and then begins to improve in most patients. Therefore, haematological monitoring of patients is indicated. If a severe haematological toxicity develops, MabCampath treatment should be interrupted until the event resolves. MabCampath treatment may be reinstituted following resolution of the haematological toxicity (see section 4.2). MabCampath should be permanently discontinued if autoimmune anaemia or autoimmune thrombocytopenia appears.
Complete blood counts and platelet counts should be obtained at regular intervals during MabCampath therapy and more frequently in patients who develop cytopenias.
It is not proposed that regular and systematic monitoring of CD52 expression should be carried out as routine clinical practice. However, if retreatment is considered, it may be prudent to confirm the presence of CD52 expression. In data available from first line patients treated with MabCampath, loss of CD52 expression was not observed around the time of disease progression or death.
Patients may have allergic or hypersensitivity reactions to MabCampath and to murine or chimeric monoclonal antibodies.
Medicinal products for the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, as well as preparedness to institute emergency measures in the event of reaction during administration is necessary (see section 4.2).
Males and females of childbearing potential should use effective contraceptive measures during treatment and for 6 months following MabCampath therapy (see sections 4.6 and 5.3).
No studies have been conducted which specifically address the effect of age on MabCampath disposition and toxicity. In general, older patients (over 65 years of age) tolerate cytotoxic therapy less well than younger individuals. Since CLL occurs commonly in this older age group, these patients should be monitored carefully (see section 4.2). In the studies in first line and previously treated patients no substantial differences in safety and efficacy related to age were observed; however the sizes of the databases are limited.
4.5 Interaction With Other Medicinal Products And Other Forms Of Interaction
Although no formal drug interaction studies have been performed with MabCampath, there are no known clinically significant interactions of MabCampath with other medicinal products. Because MabCampath is a recombinant humanized protein, a P450 mediated drug-drug interaction would not be expected. However, it is recommended that MabCampath should not be given within 3 weeks of other chemotherapeutic agents.
Although it has not been studied, it is recommended that patients should not receive live viral vaccines in, at least, the 12 months following MabCampath therapy. The ability to generate a primary or anamnestic humoral response to any vaccine has not been studied.
4.6 Pregnancy And Lactation
Pregnancy:
MabCampath is contraindicated during pregnancy. Human IgG is known to cross the placental barrier; MabCampath may cross the placental barrier as well and thus potentially cause foetal B and T cell lymphocyte depletion. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with MabCampath. It is not known whether MabCampath can cause foetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or whether it can affect reproductive capacity.
Males and females of childbearing capacity should use effective contraceptive measures during treatment and for 6 months following MabCampath therapy.
Lactation:
It is not known whether MabCampath is excreted in human milk. If treatment is needed, breast-feeding should be discontinued during treatment and for at least 4 weeks following MabCampath therapy.
4.7 Effects On Ability To Drive And Use Machines
No studies on the effects on the ability to drive and use machines have been performed. However, caution should be exercised as confusion and somnolence have been reported.
4.8 Undesirable Effects
The tables below report adverse reactions by MedDRA system organ classes (MedDRA SOCs). The frequencies are based on clinical trial data. The most appropriate MedDRA term is used to describe a certain reaction and its synonyms and related conditions.
The frequencies are defined as: very common (
Undesirable effects in first line patients
Safety data in first-line B-CLL patients are based on adverse reactions that occurred on study in 147 patients enrolled in a randomized, controlled study of MabCampath as a single agent administered at a dose of 30 mg intravenously three times weekly for up to 12 weeks, inclusive of dose escalation period. Approximately 97% of first-line patients experienced adverse reactions; the most commonly reported reactions in first-line patients usually occurred in the first week of therapy.
Within each frequency grouping, undesirable effects observed during treatment or within 30 days following the completion of treatment with MabCampath, are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.
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Acute infusion reactions including fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, fatigue, rash, urticaria, dyspnoea, headache, pruritus and diarrhoea have been reported. The majority of these reactions are mild to moderate in severity. Acute infusion reactions usually occur during the first week of therapy and substantially decline thereafter. Grade 3 or 4 infusion reactions are uncommon after the first week of therapy.
Undesirable effects in previously treated patients
Safety data in previously treated B-CLL patients are based on 149 patients enrolled in single-arm studies of MabCampath (Studies 1, 2, and 3). More than 80% of previously treated patients may be expected to experience adverse reactions; the most commonly reported reactions usually occur during the first week of therapy.
Within each frequency grouping, undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.
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