Sunday, September 25, 2011

Baten




Baten may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Baten



Fluconazole

Fluconazole is reported as an ingredient of Baten in the following countries:


  • Colombia

  • Dominican Republic

  • El Salvador

  • Guatemala

  • Honduras

  • Nicaragua

  • Panama

International Drug Name Search

Saturday, September 24, 2011

Dyclonine Lozenges


Pronunciation: DYE-kloe-neen
Generic Name: Dyclonine
Brand Name: Generic only. No brands available.


Dyclonine Lozenges are used for:

Treating minor pain or irritation of the mouth or throat.


Dyclonine Lozenges are an oral anesthetic. It works by numbing the affected area.


Do NOT use Dyclonine Lozenges if:


  • you are allergic to any ingredient in Dyclonine Lozenges

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.



Before using Dyclonine Lozenges:


Some medical conditions may interact with Dyclonine Lozenges. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:


  • if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

  • if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

  • if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Dyclonine Lozenges. Because little, if any, of Dyclonine Lozenges are absorbed into the blood, the risk of it interacting with another medicine is low.


Ask your health care provider if Dyclonine Lozenges may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.


How to use Dyclonine Lozenges:


Use Dyclonine Lozenges as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.


  • Dissolve 1 lozenge slowly in your mouth as directed on the package labeling or by your doctor.

  • Dyclonine Lozenges may be repeated every 2 hours as needed or as directed by your doctor.

  • If you miss a dose of Dyclonine Lozenges, use it as soon as you remember. Continue to use it as directed by your doctor or on the package label.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Dyclonine Lozenges.



Important safety information:


  • Severe or persistent sore throat or sore throat that occurs with fever, headache, nausea, or vomiting may be serious. Check with a doctor if you experience any of these symptoms.

  • If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, contact your doctor.

  • Do not use more than the recommended dose without checking with your doctor.

  • Do not use for longer than 2 days for sore throat or 7 days for sore mouth without checking with your doctor.

  • Dyclonine Lozenges should not be used in CHILDREN younger than 3 years old without checking with the child's doctor; safety and effectiveness in these children have not been confirmed.

  • PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Dyclonine Lozenges while you are pregnant. It is not known if Dyclonine Lozenges are found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use Dyclonine Lozenges, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.


Possible side effects of Dyclonine Lozenges:


All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. No COMMON side effects have been reported with Dyclonine Lozenges. Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:



Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue).



This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.


See also: Dyclonine side effects (in more detail)


If OVERDOSE is suspected:


Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately.


Proper storage of Dyclonine Lozenges:

Store Dyclonine Lozenges at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C). Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Dyclonine Lozenges out of the reach of children and away from pets.


General information:


  • If you have any questions about Dyclonine Lozenges, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

  • Dyclonine Lozenges are to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

  • If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

  • Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Dyclonine Lozenges. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.



Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Dyclonine resources


  • Dyclonine Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Dyclonine Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Dyclonine Support Group
  • 0 Reviews for Dyclonine - Add your own review/rating


Compare Dyclonine with other medications


  • Pain

Wednesday, September 21, 2011

Ellenal




Ellenal may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Ellenal



Nitrendipine

Nitrendipine is reported as an ingredient of Ellenal in the following countries:


  • Japan

International Drug Name Search

Saturday, September 17, 2011

Daptacel



diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine
FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION

1. INDICATIONS AND USAGE


 Daptacel® is a vaccine indicated for active immunization against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis as a five-dose series in infants and children 6 weeks through 6 years of age (prior to seventh birthday).



2. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION



. Immunization Series


 Daptacel vaccine is to be administered as a 5 dose series at 2, 4 and 6 months of age (at intervals of 6-8 weeks), at 15-20 months of age and at 4-6 years of age. The first dose may be given as early as 6 weeks of age. Four doses of Daptacel vaccine constitute a primary immunization course for pertussis. The fifth dose is a booster for pertussis immunization. Three doses of Daptacel vaccine constitute a primary immunization course for diphtheria and tetanus. The fourth and fifth doses are boosters for diphtheria and tetanus immunization. [See Clinical Studies (14.1, 14.2, 14.3).]


Data are not available on the safety and immunogenicity of using mixed sequences of Daptacel vaccine and DTaP vaccines from different manufacturers for successive doses of the DTaP vaccination series. Daptacel vaccine may be used to complete the immunization series in infants who have received 1 or more doses of whole-cell pertussis DTP. However, the safety and efficacy of Daptacel vaccine in such infants have not been fully demonstrated.


If a decision is made to withhold any recommended dose of pertussis vaccine, [see Contraindications (4.2), (4.3) and Warnings and Precautions (5.2)], Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids Adsorbed For Pediatric Use (DT) should be administered.



. Administration


Just before use, shake the vial well, until a uniform, white, cloudy suspension results. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. If these conditions exist, the product should not be administered.


When withdrawing a dose from a rubber-stoppered vial, do not remove either the rubber stopper or the metal seal holding it in place.


Each 0.5 mL dose of Daptacel vaccine is to be administered intramuscularly. In infants younger than 1 year, the anterolateral aspect of the thigh provides the largest muscle and is the preferred site of injection. In older children, the deltoid muscle is usually large enough for injection. The vaccine should not be injected into the gluteal area or areas where there may be a major nerve trunk.


Do not administer this product intravenously or subcutaneously.


Daptacel vaccine should not be combined through reconstitution or mixed with any other vaccine.



3. DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS


Daptacel vaccine is a suspension for injection in 0.5 mL single dose vials. See Description (11) for a complete listing of ingredients.



4. CONTRAINDICATIONS



. Hypersensitivity


A severe allergic reaction (eg, anaphylaxis) after a previous dose of Daptacel vaccine or any other tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, or pertussis-containing vaccine, or any other component of this vaccine is a contraindication to administration of Daptacel vaccine. [See Description (11).] Because of uncertainty as to which component of the vaccine may be responsible, none of the components should be administered. Alternatively, such individuals may be referred to an allergist for evaluation if further immunizations are to be considered.



. Encephalopathy


Encephalopathy (eg, coma, decreased level of consciousness, prolonged seizures) within 7 days of a previous dose of a pertussis containing vaccine that is not attributable to another identifiable cause is a contraindication to administration of any pertussis-containing vaccine (1), including Daptacel vaccine.



. Progressive Neurologic Disorder


Progressive neurologic disorder, including infantile spasms, uncontrolled epilepsy, or progressive encephalopathy is a contraindication to administration of any pertussis-containing vaccine (1) including Daptacel vaccine. Pertussis vaccine should not be administered to individuals with such conditions until a treatment regimen has been established and the condition has stabilized. (1)



5. WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS



. Management of Acute Allergic Reactions


 Epinephrine hydrochloride solution (1:1,000) and other appropriate agents and equipment must be available for immediate use in case an anaphylactic or acute hypersensitivity reaction occurs.



. Adverse Reactions Following Prior Pertussis Vaccination


If any of the following events occur within the specified period after administration of a whole-cell pertussis vaccine or a vaccine containing an acellular pertussis component, the decision to administer Daptacel vaccine should be based on careful consideration of potential benefits and possible risks. (1) [See Dosage and Administration (2.1).]


  • Temperature of ≥40.5°C (105°F) within 48 hours, not attributable to another identifiable cause.

  • Collapse or shock-like state (hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode (HHE)) within 48 hours.

  • Persistent, inconsolable crying lasting ≥3 hours within 48 hours.

  • Seizures with or without fever within 3 days.


. Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Brachial Neuritis


A review by the Institute of Medicine found evidence for a causal relation between tetanus toxoid and both brachial neuritis and Guillain-Barré syndrome. (2) If Guillain-Barré syndrome occurred within 6 weeks of receipt of prior vaccine containing tetanus toxoid, the decision to give Daptacel vaccine or any vaccine containing tetanus toxoid should be based on careful consideration of the potential benefits and possible risks. (1)



. Infants and Children with a History of Previous Seizures


For infants or children with a history of previous seizures, an appropriate antipyretic may be administered (in the dosage recommended in its prescribing information) at the time of vaccination with a vaccine containing an acellular pertussis component (including Daptacel vaccine) and for the following 24 hours, to reduce the possibility of post-vaccination fever. (1)



. Limitations of Vaccine Effectiveness


Vaccination with Daptacel vaccine may not protect all individuals.



. Altered Immunocompetence


If Daptacel vaccine is administered to immunocompromised persons, including persons receiving immunosuppressive therapy, the expected immune response may not be obtained. [See Immunosuppressive Treatments (7.2).]



6. ADVERSE REACTIONS



. Data from Clinical Studies


Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a vaccine cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another vaccine and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The adverse reaction information from clinical trials does, however, provide a basis for identifying the adverse events that appear to be related to vaccine use and for approximating rates of those events.


A total of 17,577 doses of Daptacel vaccine have been administered to infants and children in 8 clinical studies. In all, 4,998 children received 3 doses of Daptacel vaccine, 1,725 of these children received 4 doses of Daptacel vaccine, and 485 of these children received 5 doses of Daptacel vaccine.


In a randomized, double-blinded pertussis vaccine efficacy trial, the Sweden I Efficacy Trial, conducted in Sweden during 1992-1995, the safety of Daptacel vaccine was compared with DT and a whole-cell pertussis DTP vaccine. A standard diary card was kept for 14 days after each dose and follow-up telephone calls were made 1 and 14 days after each injection. Telephone calls were made monthly to monitor the occurrence of severe events and/or hospitalizations for the 2 months after the last injection. There were fewer of the solicited common local and systemic reactions following Daptacel vaccine than following the whole-cell pertussis DTP vaccine. As shown in Table 1, the 2,587 infants who received Daptacel vaccine at 2, 4 and 6 months of age had similar rates of reactions within 24 hours as recipients of DT and significantly lower rates than infants receiving whole-cell pertussis DTP.


































































































































Table 1: Percentage of Infants from Sweden I Efficacy Trial with Local or Systemic Reactions within 24 Hours Post-Dose 1, 2 and 3 of Daptacel vaccine compared with DT and Whole-Cell Pertussis DTP Vaccines
Dose 1

(2 MONTHS)
Dose 2

(4 MONTHS)
Dose 3

(6 MONTHS)
EVENTDaptacel vaccine

N = 2,587
DT

N = 2,574
DTP

N = 2,102
Daptacel vaccine

N = 2,563
DT

N = 2,555
DTP

N = 2,040
Daptacel vaccine

N = 2,549
DT

N = 2,538
DTP

N = 2,001
DT: Swedish National Biologics Laboratories

DTP: whole-cell pertussis DTP, Sanofi Pasteur Inc.

N = Number of evaluable subjects

*

p<0.001: Daptacel vaccine versus whole-cell pertussis DTP


p<0.0001: Daptacel vaccine versus DT


Rectal temperature

§

Statistical comparisons were not made for this variable


p<0.003: Daptacel vaccine versus whole-cell pertussis DTP

Local
Tenderness

  (Any)
8.0*8.459.510.1*10.360.210.8*10.050.0
Redness

  ≥2 cm
0.3*0.36.01.0*0.85.13.7*2.46.4
Swelling

  ≥2 cm
0.9*0.710.61.6*2.010.06.3*3.910.5
Systemic
Fever

≥38°C (100.4°F)
7.8*7.672.319.1*18.474.323.6*22.165.1
Fretfulness§32.333.082.139.639.885.435.937.773.0
Anorexia11.2*10.339.29.1*8.125.68.4*7.717.5
Drowsiness32.7*32.056.925.9*25.650.618.9*20.637.6
Crying

≥1 hour
1.7*1.611.82.5*2.79.31.2*1.03.3
Vomiting6.9*6.39.55.25.87.44.35.25.5

The incidence of serious and less common selected systemic events in the Sweden I Efficacy Trial is summarized in Table 2.
























































































Table 2: Selected Systemic Events: Rates Per 1,000 Doses after Vaccination at 2, 4 and 6 Months of Age in Sweden I Efficacy Trial
EVENTDose 1

(2 MONTHS)
Dose 2

(4 MONTHS)
Dose 3

(6 MONTHS)
Daptacel vaccine

N = 2,587
DT

N = 2,574
DTP

N = 2,102
Daptacel vaccine

N = 2,565
DT

N = 2,556
DTP

N = 2,040
Daptacel vaccine

N = 2,551
DT

N = 2,539
DTP

N = 2,002
DT: Swedish National Biologics Laboratories

DTP: whole-cell pertussis DTP, Sanofi Pasteur Inc.

N = Number of evaluable subjects
Rectal temperature ≥40°C (104°F) within 48 hours of vaccination0.390.783.3300.783.430.391.186.99
          
Hypotonic-hypo-responsive episode within 24 hours of vaccination001.9000.490.3900
          
Persistent crying ≥3 hours within 24 hours of vaccination1.1608.090.390.391.96001.0
          
Seizures within 72 hours of vaccination00.39000.390.4900.390

In the Sweden I Efficacy Trial, one case of whole limb swelling and generalized symptoms, with resolution within 24 hours, was observed following dose 2 of Daptacel vaccine. No episodes of anaphylaxis or encephalopathy were observed. No seizures were reported within 3 days of vaccination with Daptacel vaccine. Over the entire study period, 6 seizures were reported in the Daptacel vaccine group, 9 in the DT group and 3 in the whole-cell pertussis DTP group, for overall rates of 2.3, 3.5 and 1.4 per 1,000 vaccinees, respectively. One case of infantile spasms was reported in the Daptacel vaccine group. There were no instances of invasive bacterial infection or death.


In a US study, children received 4 doses of Daptacel vaccine at 2, 4, 6 and 15-17 months of age. A total of 1,454 children received Daptacel vaccine and were included in the safety analyses. Of these, 51.7% were female, 77.2% Caucasian, 6.3% Black, 6.5% Hispanic, 0.9% Asian and 9.1% other races. In a subsequent study, a non-random subset of 485 of these children received a fifth dose of Daptacel vaccine at 4-6 years of age. The children included in the fifth dose study were representative of all children who received four doses of Daptacel vaccine in the earlier study with regard to frequencies of solicited local and systemic adverse events following the fourth dose. At 2, 4 and 6 months of age, Daptacel vaccine was administered concomitantly with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine (tetanus toxoid conjugate) (Sanofi Pasteur SA), inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) (Sanofi Pasteur SA), and 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Wyeth Pharmaceuticals Inc.). Infants had received the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine at 0 months of age. At 2 and 6 months of age, hepatitis B vaccine (recombinant) (Merck & Co., Inc.) was also administered concomitantly with Daptacel vaccine. Based on random assignment, the fourth dose of Daptacel vaccine was administered either alone; concomitantly with Hib conjugate (tetanus toxoid conjugate) vaccine; or concomitantly with Hib conjugate (tetanus toxoid conjugate) vaccine, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine (Merck & Co., Inc.), and varicella vaccine (Merck & Co., Inc.). The fifth dose of Daptacel vaccine was administered concomitantly with IPV and MMR vaccine.


In the US studies, the occurrence of solicited local and systemic adverse events listed in Table 3 was recorded daily by parents or guardians for Days 0-7 following vaccination. For Days 0 and 1 following the first three doses of Daptacel vaccine, signs and symptoms of HHE also were solicited. Periodic telephone calls were made to inquire about adverse events. Serious adverse events were monitored during the two studies, through 6 months following the fourth and fifth doses of Daptacel vaccine, respectively.


The incidence and severity of selected solicited local and systemic adverse events that occurred within 3 days following each dose of Daptacel vaccine are shown in Table 3. The incidence of redness, tenderness and swelling at the Daptacel injection site increased with the fourth and fifth doses, with the highest rates reported after the fifth dose.




















































































































































































































































Table 3: Number (Percentage) of Children from US Studies with Selected Solicited Local and Systemic Adverse Events by Severity Occurring Between 0 to 3 Days after Each Dose of Daptacel Vaccine
Dose 1*Dose 2*Dose 3*Dose 4*Dose 5*
N = 1390-1406

%
N = 1346-1360

%
N = 1301-1312

%
N = 1118-1144

%
N = 473-481

%

*

In one U.S. study, children received four doses of Daptacel vaccine. A non-random subset of these children received a fifth dose of Daptacel vaccine in a subsequent study.


Doses 1-4 - Moderate: subject cries when site is touched; Severe: subject cries when leg or arm is moved.

Dose 5 - Moderate: interfered with activities, but did not require medical care or absenteeism; Severe: incapacitating, unable to perform usual activities, may have/or required medical care or absenteeism.


The circumference of the Daptacel vaccine-injected arm at the level of the axilla was monitored following the fourth and fifth doses only. Increase in arm circumference was calculated by subtracting the baseline circumference pre-vaccination (Day 0) from the circumference post-vaccination.

§

Moderate: decreased use of arm, but did not require medical care or absenteeism; Severe: incapacitating, refusal to move arm, may have/or required medical care or absenteeism.


For Doses 1-3, 53.7% of temperatures were measured rectally, 45.1% were measured axillary, 1.0% were measured orally, and 0.1% were measured by an unspecified route. For Dose 4, 35.7% of temperatures were measured rectally, 62.3% were measured axillary, 1.5% were measured orally, and 0.5% were measured by an unspecified route. For Dose 5, 0.2% of temperatures were measured rectally, 11.3% were measured axillary, 88.4% were measured orally. Fever is based upon actual temperatures recorded with no adjustments to the measurement for route.

#

Dose 1-4 - Moderate: interferes with and limits daily activity, less interactive; Severe: disabling (not interested in usual daily activity, subject cannot be coaxed to interact with caregiver).

Dose 5 - Moderate: interfered with activities, but did not require medical care or absenteeism;

Severe: incapacitating, unable to perform usual activities, may have/or required medical care or absenteeism.

Þ

Doses 1-4 - Moderate: 1 to 3 hours inconsolable crying; Severe: >3 hours inconsolable crying.

Dose 5 - Moderate: interfered with activities, but did not require medical care or absenteeism;

Severe: incapacitating, unable to perform usual activities, may have/or required medical care or absenteeism.

ß

Doses 1-4 - Moderate: Irritability for 1 to 3 hours; Severe: irritability for >3 hours.

Dose 5 - Moderate: interfered with activities, but did not require medical care or absenteeism;

Severe: incapacitating, unable to perform usual activities, may have/or required medical care or absenteeism.

Injection Site Reactions (Daptacel vaccine injection site)
Redness
  >5 mm6.27.19.617.335.8
  25 - 50 mm0.60.51.96.310.4
  >50 mm0.40.10.03.115.8
Swelling
  >5 mm4.04.06.511.723.9
  25 - 50 mm1.20.61.03.25.8
  >50 mm0.40.10.11.67.7
Tenderness
  Any48.838.240.949.561.5
  Moderate16.59.910.612.311.2
  Severe4.12.31.72.21.7
Increase in Arm Circumference
  >5 mm---30.138.3
  20 - 40 mm7.014.0   
  >40 mm0.41.5   
Interference with Normal Activity of the Arm§
  Any----20.4
  Moderate5.6    
  Severe0.4    
Systemic Reactions
Fever
  ≥38.0°C9.316.115.810.56.1
  >38.5-39.5°C1.53.94.82.72.1
  >39.5°C0.10.40.30.70.2
Decreased Activity/Lethargy#
  Any51.137.433.225.321.0
  Moderate23.014.412.18.25.8
  Severe1.21.40.61.00.8
Inconsolable CryingÞ
  Any58.551.447.937.114.1
  Moderate14.212.610.87.73.5
  Severe2.23.41.41.50.4
Fussiness/Irritabilityß
  Any75.870.767.154.434.9
  Moderate27.725.022.016.37.5
  Severe5.65.54.33.90.4

In the US study in which children received 4 doses of Daptacel vaccine, of 1,454 subjects who received Daptacel vaccine, 5 (0.3%) subjects experienced a seizure within 60 days following any dose of Daptacel vaccine. One seizure occurred within 7 days post-vaccination: an infant who experienced an afebrile seizure with apnea on the day of the first vaccination. Three other cases of seizures occurred between 8 and 30 days post-vaccination. Of the seizures that occurred within 60 days post-vaccination, 3 were associated with fever. In this study, there were no reported cases of HHE following Daptacel vaccine. There was one death due to aspiration 222 days post-vaccination in a subject with ependymoma. Within 30 days following any dose of Daptacel vaccine, 57 (3.9%) subjects reported at least one serious adverse event. During this period, the most frequently reported serious adverse event was bronchiolitis, reported in 28 (1.9%) subjects. Other serious adverse events that occurred within 30 days following Daptacel vaccine include three cases of pneumonia, two cases of meningitis and one case each of sepsis, pertussis (post-dose 1), irritability and unresponsiveness.


In the 5th dose study of Daptacel vaccine in the US, within 30 days following the 5th consecutive dose of Daptacel vaccine, 1 (0.2%) subject reported 2 serious adverse events (bronchospasm and hypoxia).


In another study (Sweden II Efficacy Trial), 3 DTaP vaccines and a whole-cell pertussis DTP vaccine, none of which are licensed in the US, were evaluated to assess relative safety and efficacy. This study included HCPDT, a vaccine made of the same components as Daptacel vaccine but containing twice the amount of detoxified PT and four times the amount of FHA (20 μg detoxified PT and 20 μg FHA). HHE was observed following 29 (0.047%) of 61,220 doses of HCPDT; 16 (0.026%) of 61,219 doses of an acellular pertussis vaccine made by another manufacturer; and 34 (0.056%) of 60,792 doses of a whole-cell pertussis DTP vaccine. There were 4 additional cases of HHE in other studies using HCPDT vaccine for an overall rate of 33 (0.047%) in 69,525 doses.



. Data from Post-Marketing Experience


The following adverse events have been spontaneously reported during the post-marketing use of Daptacel vaccine in the US and other countries. Because these events are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it may not be possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to vaccine exposure.


The following adverse events were included based on one or more of the following factors: severity, frequency of reporting, or strength of evidence for a causal relationship to Daptacel vaccine.


  • Cardiac disorders

    Cyanosis

  • Gastro-intestinal disorders

    Nausea, diarrhea

  • General disorders and administration site conditions

    Local reactions: injection site pain, injection site rash, injection site nodule, injection site mass, extensive swelling of injected limb (including swelling that involves adjacent joints).

  • Infections and infestations

    Injection site cellulitis, cellulitis, injection site abscess

  • Immune system disorders

    Hypersensitivity, allergic reaction, anaphylactic reaction (edema, face edema, swelling face, pruritus, rash generalized) and other types of rash (erythematous, macular, maculo-papular)

  • Nervous system disorders

    Convulsions: febrile convulsion, grand mal convulsion, partial seizures

    HHE, hypotonia, somnolence

  • Psychiatric disorders

    Screaming


7. DRUG INTERACTIONS



. Concomitant Administration with Other Vaccines


In clinical trials, Daptacel vaccine was administered concomitantly with one or more of the following US licensed vaccines: Hib conjugate vaccine, IPV, hepatitis B vaccine, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, MMR vaccine, and varicella vaccine. [See Adverse Reactions (6.1) and Clinical Studies (14).] When Daptacel vaccine is given at the same time as another injectable vaccine(s), the vaccine should be administered with different syringes.



. Immunosuppressive Treatments


Immunosuppressive therapies, including irradiation, antimetabolites, alkylating agents, cytotoxic drugs and corticosteroids (used in greater than physiologic doses), may reduce the immune response to Daptacel vaccine.



8. USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS



. Pregnancy



Pregnancy Category C


Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Daptacel vaccine. It is also not known whether Daptacel vaccine can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproductive capacity.



. Pediatric Use


Daptacel vaccine is not indicated for infants below 6 weeks of age or children 7 years of age or older. Safety and effectiveness of Daptacel vaccine in these age groups have not been established.



11. DESCRIPTION


Daptacel vaccine is a sterile isotonic suspension of pertussis antigens and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids adsorbed on aluminum phosphate, for intramuscular injection.


Each 0.5 mL dose contains 15 Lf diphtheria toxoid, 5 Lf tetanus toxoid and acellular pertussis antigens [10 µg detoxified pertussis toxin (PT), 5 µg filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), 3 µg pertactin (PRN), and 5 µg fimbriae types 2 and 3 (FIM)].


Other ingredients per 0.5 mL dose include 1.5 mg aluminum phosphate (0.33 mg of aluminum) as the adjuvant, ≤5 µg residual formaldehyde, <50 ng residual glutaraldehyde and 3.3 mg (0.6% v/v) 2-phenoxyethanol (not as a preservative).


The acellular pertussis vaccine components are produced from Bordetella pertussis cultures grown in Stainer-Scholte medium (3) modified by the addition of casamino acids and dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin. PT, FHA and PRN are isolated separately from the supernatant culture medium. The FIM components are extracted and co-purified from the bacterial cells. The pertussis antigens are purified by sequential filtration, salt-precipitation, ultrafiltration and chromatography. PT is detoxified with glutaraldehyde. FHA is treated with formaldehyde, and the residual aldehydes are removed by ultrafiltration. The individual antigens are adsorbed separately onto aluminum phosphate.


Corynebacterium diphtheriae is grown in modified Mueller's growth medium. (4) After purification by ammonium sulfate fractionation, diphtheria toxin is detoxified with formaldehyde and diafiltered. Clostridium tetani is grown in modified Mueller-Miller casamino acid medium without beef heart infusion. (5) Tetanus toxin is detoxified with formaldehyde and purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and diafiltration. Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids are individually adsorbed onto aluminum phosphate.


The adsorbed diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis components are combined with aluminum phosphate (as adjuvant), 2-phenoxyethanol (not as a preservative) and water for injection.


Both diphtheria and tetanus toxoids induce at least 2 units of antitoxin per mL in the guinea pig potency test. The potency of the acellular pertussis vaccine components is determined by the antibody response of immunized mice to detoxified PT, FHA, PRN and FIM as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).



12. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY



. Mechanism of Action



Diphtheria


Diphtheria is an acute toxin-mediated disease caused by toxigenic strains of C diphtheriae. Protection against disease is due to the development of neutralizing antibodies to diphtheria toxin. A serum diphtheria antitoxin level of 0.01 IU/mL is the lowest level giving some degree of protection. Antitoxin levels of at least 0.1 IU/mL are generally regarded as protective. (6) Levels of 1.0 IU/mL have been associated with long-term protection. (7)



Tetanus


Tetanus is an acute disease caused by an extremely potent neurotoxin produced by C tetani. Protection against disease is due to the development of neutralizing antibodies to tetanus toxin. A serum tetanus antitoxin level of at least 0.01 IU/mL, measured by neutralization assay is considered the minimum protective level. (6) (8) A tetanus antitoxin level ≥0.1 IU/mL as measured by the ELISA u

Thursday, September 15, 2011

Cimetidine Beacons




Cimetidine Beacons may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Cimetidine Beacons



Cimetidine

Cimetidine is reported as an ingredient of Cimetidine Beacons in the following countries:


  • Singapore

International Drug Name Search

Wednesday, September 14, 2011

RAN-Metformin




RAN-Metformin may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for RAN-Metformin



Metformin

Metformin hydrochloride (a derivative of Metformin) is reported as an ingredient of RAN-Metformin in the following countries:


  • Canada

International Drug Name Search

Thursday, September 8, 2011

Bufedil




Bufedil may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Bufedil



Buflomedil

Buflomedil hydrochloride (a derivative of Buflomedil) is reported as an ingredient of Bufedil in the following countries:


  • Brazil

International Drug Name Search

Wednesday, September 7, 2011

Fluoxetin Helvepharm




Fluoxetin Helvepharm may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Fluoxetin Helvepharm



Fluoxetine

Fluoxetine hydrochloride (a derivative of Fluoxetine) is reported as an ingredient of Fluoxetin Helvepharm in the following countries:


  • Switzerland

International Drug Name Search

Sunday, September 4, 2011

Bexilon




Bexilon may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Bexilon



Bromhexine

Bromhexine hydrochloride (a derivative of Bromhexine) is reported as an ingredient of Bexilon in the following countries:


  • Venezuela

International Drug Name Search

Friday, September 2, 2011

Fosinopril EG




Fosinopril EG may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Fosinopril EG



Fosinopril

Fosinopril sodium salt (a derivative of Fosinopril) is reported as an ingredient of Fosinopril EG in the following countries:


  • France

International Drug Name Search

Cromogen




Cromogen may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Cromogen



Cromoglicic Acid

Cromoglicic Acid disodium salt (a derivative of Cromoglicic Acid) is reported as an ingredient of Cromogen in the following countries:


  • Poland

International Drug Name Search

Thursday, September 1, 2011

Tricalma Retard




Tricalma Retard may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Tricalma Retard



Alprazolam

Alprazolam is reported as an ingredient of Tricalma Retard in the following countries:


  • Chile

International Drug Name Search